1. Write something worth publishing.
There you have it.
I went to a "How to Get Published" presentation this evening, and that was the presenter's first tip.
Quite right too.
The other tips boiled down to:
2. Send it off.
3. Get rejected.
4. Repeat.
I guess I knew that. I'm thinking about doing this but probably won't, not until I finish my Project. But you could!
Here're the resources from the handout: Online Resources for Publishing Short Works: Poems, Short Stories, and Essays
Duotrope's Digest: an award-winning, free writers' resource listing over 3075 current Fiction and Poetry publications.
Council of Literary Magazines and Presses
Lit Mag Central
Newpages
Contests and Calls for Submissions
Poets and Writers Magazine
Publisher's Weekly
And... how to write a great query letter to an agent (this is a download):
Query Letters